Recent questions and answers in CO & Architecture

0 votes

2 answers

1

Carl hamacher
A program consists of two nested loops-a small inner loop and a much larger outer loop.The decimal memory addresses shown delineate the location of the two loops and the beginning and end of the total program. All memory locations in the various sections of ... the cycle time of the cache is 1τ s. Compute the total time needed for instruction fetching during execution of the program.

answered May 21 in CO & Architecture by isilia (11 points) | 201 views

0 votes

0 answers

2

PIPELINING.
How to find number of stall cycles and branch penalty & CPI in a branched instruction pipelining?

asked May 21 in CO & Architecture by Ritabrata Dey (41 points) | 3 views

+43 votes

3 answers

3

GATE2004-63
Consider the following program segment for a hypothetical CPU having three user registers $R_1, R_2$ and $R_3.$ \begin{array}{|l|l|c|} \hline \text {Instruction} & \text{Operation }& \text{Instruction size} \\&& \text{(in words)} \\\ ... halted after executing the HALT instruction, the return address (in decimal) saved in the stack will be $1007$ $1020$ $1024$ $1028$

answered May 21 in CO & Architecture by Apoorv Singh (11 points) | 8.1k views

0 votes

0 answers

4

Made Easy Test Series:Microprogramming
A hypothetical cpu supports $300$ instructions.each instruction takes $5$ cycle to accomplish the execution. the control unit is designed using vertical programming which has $130$ control signals $,64$ flags and $12$ branch conditions .$X$ and ... register$(CDR)$ respectively.value of $X+Y$ is ______? How to work with branch condition in micro programming :(

asked May 20 in CO & Architecture by srestha Veteran (114k points) | 11 views

0 votes

0 answers

5

ROM(self doubts)
The minimum size of the ROM which maintains truth table of square of 3 bit numbers is __________ (in bits)

asked May 19 in CO & Architecture by altamash (483 points) | 9 views

+2 votes

1 answer

6

Cache Average access time
So as we know there are 2 different approaches for cache.. Sequential and the Hierarchical. Exactly which formula should I use when only access times and hit ratio is mentioned in case of 2 level memory system..? It would be great if someone explains how to approach questions related to average access time.

answered May 19 in CO & Architecture by Hirak Active (2k points) | 103 views

0 votes

2 answers

7

Direct Mapped Cache Multiplexer
Is there any multiplexer(s) present in the implementation of Direct Mapped Cache? If yes, then the Hit latency would be Multiplexer latency + Comparator Latency?

answered May 17 in CO & Architecture by !KARAN Active (1.8k points) | 64 views

0 votes

0 answers

8

set associative (carl hamacher)
Block set associative cache consists of a total of 64blocks divided into 4blocks sets .The main memory contains 4096blocks ,each consisting of 128 words. how many bits for Main memory how many bits for TAG,SET,WORD . solution: MM=block size*words 2^12 * 2^7=19 bits TAG=9 SET=4 WORD=6 is this correct method or not please correct me

asked May 13 in CO & Architecture by altamash (483 points) | 16 views

0 votes

0 answers

9

No of chips
A memory system of size 16 kbytes is required to be designed using memory chips which have 12 address lines and 4 data lines each. No of chips required to design the memory system ______. Please provide a detailed solution.

asked May 7 in CO & Architecture by Tuhin Dutta Loyal (9.6k points) | 30 views

+3 votes

3 answers

10

UGCNET-June2016-III-5
The ____ addressing mode is similar to register indirect addressing mode, except that an offset is added to the contents of the register. The offset and register are specified in the instruction. Base indexed Base indexed plus displacement Indexed Displacement

answered May 7 in CO & Architecture by Kuljeet Shan Active (1.3k points) | 1.4k views

0 votes

0 answers

11

NTA NET DEC 2018-53
The decimal floating point number -40.1 represented using IEEE-754 32-bit representation and written in hexadecimal form is- 0xC2006000 0xC2006666 0xC2206000 0xC2206666

asked May 7 in CO & Architecture by Kuljeet Shan Active (1.3k points) | 36 views

+20 votes

3 answers

12

GATE2006-IT-40
The memory locations $1000,1001$ and $1020$ have data values $18,1$ and $16$ respectively before the following program is executed. $\begin{array}{ll} \text{MOVI} & \text{$R_s, 1$} && \text{; Move immediate} \\ \text{LOAD} & \text{$R_d ... $20$ Memory location $1020$ has value $20$ Memory location $1021$ has value $20$ Memory location $1001$ has value $20$

answered Apr 29 in CO & Architecture by Sambhrant Maurya Active (1.7k points) | 2.4k views

0 votes

1 answer

13

IIIT PGEE 2019
Which part in 8086 microprocessor is responsible for fetching instructions into the queue? BIU EU Stack Registers

answered Apr 29 in CO & Architecture by gaurav1.yuva (403 points) | 60 views

0 votes

0 answers

14

Branch Address
To get branch address, do we need base register value or Program Counter value?

asked Apr 17 in CO & Architecture by srestha Veteran (114k points) | 42 views

0 votes

1 answer

15

which book should i refer to cover all the concept of cache memory and memory hierarchy in CO and Architecture.

answered Apr 17 in CO & Architecture by rajabhardwajrai (15 points) | 67 views

0 votes

0 answers

16

#Pipeliningdoubt
What is the concept of branch penalty , stall cycle and branch instructions and what are the formulas to get those ?? Someone please guide me..i am really facing much difficulty in these concepts while solving prev yr gate questions.

asked Apr 16 in CO & Architecture by Ritabrata Dey (41 points) | 22 views

0 votes

0 answers

17

Goldman Sachs Screening Test
In Matrix Multiplication Operation Code uses Temporal Locality and Data uses Spatial Locality Data uses Temporal Locality and Code uses Spatial Locality Both data and code uses Spatial Locality Both data and code uses Temporal Locality

asked Apr 14 in CO & Architecture by ved (9 points) | 14 views

0 votes

0 answers

18

Microprogrammed approach
Microprogrammed control Unit is useful when very small programs are to be run. Shouldn’t this statement be true because microprogrammed approach uses decoder, which slows down speed, so large programs would take more time, and small ones less?

asked Apr 12 in CO & Architecture by Miny (149 points) | 5 views

+14 votes

3 answers

19

GATE2015-2-24
Assume that for a certain processor, a read request takes $50$ $nanoseconds$ on a cache miss and $5$ $nanoseconds$ on a cache hit. Suppose while running a program, it was observed that $80$% of the processor's read requests result in a cache hit. The average read access time in nanoseconds is _____.

answered Apr 9 in CO & Architecture by Rishi yadav Boss (11k points) | 3.5k views

+24 votes

4 answers

20

GATE2008-IT-38
Assume that EA = (X)+ is the effective address equal to the contents of location X, with X incremented by one word length after the effective address is calculated; EA = −(X) is the effective address equal to the contents of location X, with X decremented by one word length before the effective address ... back to the stack. ADD (X)−, (X) ADD (X), (X)− ADD −(X), (X)+ ADD −(X), (X)

answered Apr 7 in CO & Architecture by Divy Kala Junior (681 points) | 2.7k views

+28 votes

5 answers

21

GATE2008-72
Consider a machine with a $2$-way set associative data cache of size $64$ Kbytes and block size $16$ bytes. The cache is managed using $32$ bit virtual addresses and the page size is $4$ Kbytes. A program to be run on this machine begins as follows: double ARR[1024][1024]; int i, j; /* ... elements have the same cache index as $ARR[0][0]$? $ARR[0][4]$ $ARR[4][0]$ $ARR[0][5]$ $ARR[5][0]$

answered Apr 5 in CO & Architecture by Piyush #### (77 points) | 3.2k views

+1 vote

3 answers

22

Madeeasy Test Series
Suppose that in 1000 memory references there are 150 misses in first level and 100 misses in second level cache. Assume that miss penalty from L2 cache to memory is 120 cycles. The hit time of L2 cache is 50 cycles. If there are 4 memory references per instruction, the average stall per instruction is

answered Apr 5 in CO & Architecture by Sahil Arora (27 points) | 666 views

+2 votes

1 answer

23

average memory access time
The access time of cache memory is 45 nsec and that of main memory is 750 nsec. It is found that 75% of memory requests are for read and remaining for write. If the hit access for read is 0.9 and hit ratio for write is 1 and write through protocol is used, then the average memory access time is ________.

answered Apr 2 in CO & Architecture by Hiral Rajgor (17 points) | 423 views

+1 vote

6 answers

24

GATE2019-1
A certain processor uses a fully associative cache of size $16$ kB, The cache block size is $16$ bytes. Assume that the main memory is byte addressable and uses a $32$-bit address. How many bits are required for the Tag and the Index fields respectively in the addresses generated by the processor? $24$ bits and $0$ bits $28$ bits and $4$ bits $24$ bits and $4$ bits $28$ bits and $0$ bits

answered Apr 2 in CO & Architecture by Àbhíjèét Míshrà (47 points) | 3.3k views

0 votes

0 answers

25

Carl Hamacher: Machine Instruction and Programs-Chapter $2$
Register $R_{1}$ and $R_{2}$ of a computer contain the decimal values $1200$ and $4600$ . What is the effective address of the memory operand in each of the following instructions? $\left ( a \right )$ $Load$ ... //Auto Decrement $\left ( e \right )$ $Subtract$ $\left ( R_{1} \right )+,R_{5}$ Ans-1200//Autoincrement

asked Apr 2 in CO & Architecture by srestha Veteran (114k points) | 39 views

0 votes

1 answer

26

Memory Access Doubt
How many memory accesses are there in this code? LOAD R1, a(RO)

answered Apr 1 in CO & Architecture by abhishekmehta4u Boss (33.6k points) | 62 views

+2 votes

2 answers

27

MadeEasy Subject Test 2019: CO & Architecture - Pipelining
Consider a 5 stage pipeline with Instruction Fetch(IF),Instruction decode(ID),Execute(EX),Write back(WB),and Memory access(MA) having latencies(in ns) 3,8,5,6 and 4 respectively. What is average CPI of NON-PIPELINE CPU when speedup achieved by pipelined processor is 4?

answered Mar 30 in CO & Architecture by abhishekmehta4u Boss (33.6k points) | 401 views

+1 vote

1 answer

28

Allen Career Institute:Computer Organization -Memory
The size of instruction in a single accumulator CPU organization is $16$ bits. In order to evaluate the expressions given below. How much memory space (bytes) is required for storing the program? evaluate the expression from left to right). Expression : $y=\frac{A-B+C}{E+F}$

answered Mar 30 in CO & Architecture by abhishekmehta4u Boss (33.6k points) | 42 views

+38 votes

4 answers

29

GATE2000-12
An instruction pipeline has five stages where each stage take 2 nanoseconds and all instruction use all five stages. Branch instructions are not overlapped. i.e., the instruction after the branch is not fetched till the branch instruction is completed. ... and 50% of the conditional branch instructions are such that the branch is taken, calculate the average instruction execution time.

answered Mar 23 in CO & Architecture by abhishekmehta4u Boss (33.6k points) | 4.5k views

0 votes

0 answers

30

self-doubt
How do we perform 0 – 1 in 2’s complement subtraction using 1-bit register??

asked Mar 21 in CO & Architecture by Doraemon (203 points) | 20 views

0 votes

0 answers

31

CPU Performance
Please can anyone help me how to measure the CPU Performance and everything related with it.

asked Mar 20 in CO & Architecture by Devshree Dubey Boss (14k points) | 21 views

0 votes

0 answers

32

Subject Topic- CO & Architecture
how is this executed MOV X, R ; μ[x]←R using IF, ID, OF,PO, WB

asked Mar 18 in CO & Architecture by Doraemon (203 points) | 28 views

0 votes

1 answer

33

GRADEUP
For a 4 bit set associative cache 10 bits are required as index to specify cache block. The main memory is of size 4G x 32. Size of cache memory is? Answer is 4096*49. Please explain the notation also.

answered Mar 17 in CO & Architecture by Anuranjan (61 points) | 49 views

0 votes

1 answer

34

Self doubt(Hamacher and Zaky)
Memory is word addressable with 16 bit addresses Word size=16 bits Each block is of size 16 bits. The cache contains 8 blocks. What is the address division for: 1>direct. 2>associative 3>set associative cache

answered Mar 17 in CO & Architecture by Anuranjan (61 points) | 44 views

0 votes

0 answers

35

Self-doubt
How to improve cache hit rate in case of transfer of element from 2-D array to matrix.? (Consider the column major order in 2D array)

asked Mar 17 in CO & Architecture by Anuranjan (61 points) | 14 views

0 votes

0 answers

36

Cache Memory and Arrays
Can someone please provide a link to an article or a video explaining cache and arrays concept. Im having a hard time understanding that concept.

asked Mar 16 in CO & Architecture by amitqy Active (1.9k points) | 13 views

0 votes

0 answers

37

Self-doubt
What is actually meant by average access time experienced by processor?

asked Mar 14 in CO & Architecture by Anuranjan (61 points) | 14 views

+1 vote

2 answers

38

Gateforum Test Series: Databases - Indexing
suppose that in a file organization record size(R)=150 bytes , block size (B)=512 bytes. there are totally 30000 records. the data field on which indexing is done is 9 bytes and block pointer size is 7 bytes how many block access will be needed to access a data item in case of single level primary indexing?

answered Mar 14 in CO & Architecture by abhishekmehta4u Boss (33.6k points) | 73 views

+1 vote

1 answer

39

Self Doubt
How many cycle required when pipelining and operand loading is used? R1<-R2+R3 R4<-R1+M[100] Value at M[100]=7 There are 5 phases: F->TO FETCH D->TO DECODE AND OPERAND READ E->EXECUTE M->MEMORY ACCESS W->WRITE BACK Each phase takes 1Cycle .

answered Mar 13 in CO & Architecture by Debdeep1998 Junior (635 points) | 45 views

+1 vote

1 answer

40

Self-doubt
What is meant by cache index? Please state by example.

answered Mar 13 in CO & Architecture by Debdeep1998 Junior (635 points) | 43 views

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