Multiprocessing

Question

https://gateoverflow.in/1488/gate1999-2-10

Here answer will be $C)$. Why $A)$ will be correct?

I think multiprocessing needs kernel level thread, to run multiple thread at same time. But Address translation required for both single and multilevel threads. So, it will not a must feature for Multiprocessing. Is there any special reason, for which $A)$ also a must feature of multiprogramming?

Plz give some reason

Comments

For memory protection only I guess which is essential for both multiple users and multiple programs.

Address translation limits the space a program can access. As we know there are page tables to translate from logical to physical address. The process cannot directly access any physical location on the memory. It has to go through page table.

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is it explicitly required for multiuser ans multiprocessing? or that is equally requied for single processer and single user too?

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I did some research on this topic. I am also having same doubt now :/

Memory protection is necessary but it's not like OS cannot be implemented without hardware support for address translation.

Though I feel they are talking about the basics. I mean, for a multi-user multi-processing OS, even 2 modes of execution is not necessary. We have privileged mode of execution so that there is fair usage of hardware by every process and to monitor activities so that one process doesn't disturb other process's execution. It doesn't mean that without privileged mode multi-user multi-processing OS cannot be implemented.

Process scheduling, Memory management, File system management are some basic functions of OS. Hence, I think address translation is also chosen as an answer.