$X$ $m*M$ decoder required to construct $n*N$
let $k = ceil(n/m)$
then $X=N/M + N/M^2 + N/M^3+ ........ + N/M^K$
Then according to question ::
$k=4/1 = 4$
$X = 16/2 + 16/2^2 + 16/2^3 + 16/2^4$
$ = 8+4+2+1$
$= 15$
OR other approch
Given 1*2 decoder
1 decoder -------- 2 lines
l line ------- 1/2 Decoder
16 lines --- 16/2 = 8 Decoder
8 lines ----- 8/2 = 4 Decoder
4 lines ---- 4/2 = 2 Decoder
2 lines ---- 2/2 = 1 Decoder
Total 15 decoder need