in Mathematical Logic
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The notation $\exists ! x P(x)$ denotes the proposition “there exists a unique $x$ such that $P(x)$ is true”. Give the truth values of the following statements : 

I)${\color{Red} {\exists ! x P(x)}} \rightarrow \exists x P(x)$

II)${\color{Red} {\exists ! x\sim P(x)}} \rightarrow \neg \forall x P(x)$


What will be answer here?? Is the assumption only for left hand side and not right hand side??

in Mathematical Logic
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5 Comments

1) true

2) true

Assumption can be from both sides. Try to make left side 'true' then right side will become automatically true (or) try to make right side false then left side will become automatically false.
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U mean ${\exists ! x}$ always mean a  unique x  , means whatever after that

right??

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sorry, not getting what you are asking.
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check below comment.
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$\exists!$ is a symbol. it is not $\exists$ and then negation.

You can check the interpretation of $\exists!$ here https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/3245560/write-out-exists-xpx-where-the-domain-consists-of-the-integers-1-2-a

In (1) Try to put P(1) or P(2) or P(3) true..either one and remaining false. and then check right side whether you are getting true or false.

In (2) do opposite...

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1 Answer

1 vote
1 vote

Let $P(x):(x-1=0)$ defined over $\mathbb{Z}^{+}$

then $x=1$ is the only unique solution for which $P(x)$ is true.

 

  $\exists !xP(x)$ means " there exists a unique $x$ such that $P(x)$ is true” and here the unique value of $x=1$

$\Rightarrow$ We can say that there exist a value of $x$ for which proposition holds true.

$\Rightarrow$ $\exists xP(x)$

So if  there exists a unique $x$ such that $P(x)$ is true then there will exist atleast $1$ value of $x$ for which proposition holds true.

$\therefore$ $\exists !xP(x)\rightarrow\exists xP(x)$ is true.


Let $P(x):(5/x$ is defined $)$ defined over $\mathbb{R}^{+}$

then $x=0$ is the only unique solution for which $P(x)$ is false since $5/0$ is undefined.

 

$\exists !x\sim P(x)$ means there exists a unique $x$ such that $P(x)$ is not true i.e. $P(x)$ is false and here the unique value is $x=0$

$\sim \forall xP(x)$ can also be written as $\exists x\sim P(x)$ which means there exists at least one $x$ such that $P(x)$ is not true i.e. $P(x)$ is false and here we are having x=0 which is satisfying.

So if there exists a unique $x$ such that $P(x)$ is not true i.e. $P(x)$ is false then there will definitely  exists at least one $x$ such that $P(x)$ is not true i.e. $P(x)$ is false

$\Rightarrow$  $\exists !x\sim P(x)\rightarrow\sim \forall xP(x)$ is true.

4 Comments

means when r u getting !then only we r using unique

right??

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Say in. 2nd statement LHS, we took both not outside

Then what will be LHS??

${\color{Red} {\exists ! x\sim P(x)}}$=${\color{Red} {\exists \sim x\sim P(x)}}$

=${\sim\forall x\sim P(x)}$

=${\forall x P(x)}$

Isnot it??

Then $LHS\neq RHS$
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edited by

It is a quantifier also known as uniqueness quantifier. Please read about it.

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${\color{Red} {\exists ! x\sim P(x)}}$=${\color{Red} {\exists \sim x\sim P(x)}}$

@srestha You can't do this.

! and ~ are not the same.

$\exists !$ is a single symbol which represents uniqueness quantifier and ~ represents not operation

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