It says “guarantee” , so Page fault and systemcall can be the answer . Had it been “may invoke directly or indirectly “ , “malloc()” could also be included. “
malloc isn’t provided by the OS, nor is it a system call; it is a library function that uses system calls to allocate and deallocate memory. In most implementations of malloc, these system calls involve at least one of:
malloc
sbrk
mmap ”
(reference)https://www.cs.usfca.edu/~mmalensek/cs326/assignments/project-3.html
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